{"id":1227,"date":"2021-06-20T19:56:15","date_gmt":"2021-06-20T19:56:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/?page_id=1227"},"modified":"2025-10-18T18:10:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T22:10:38","slug":"equipment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/","title":{"rendered":"Equipment"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1227\" class=\"elementor elementor-1227\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e77d6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e77d6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ecd2fe\" data-id=\"1ecd2fe\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bcfe47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0bcfe47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"570\" height=\"367\" src=\"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.39-Aquila.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6\" alt=\"Aquila\" srcset=\"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.39-Aquila.jpg 570w, https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.39-Aquila-300x193.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e826c2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e826c2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d11e5a0\" data-id=\"d11e5a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4dc8de5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4dc8de5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>EQUIPMENT<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6d7d883 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6d7d883\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-44cc2c4\" data-id=\"44cc2c4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45f060d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45f060d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Typical Legionary Equipment<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b02a33c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b02a33c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d3803c9\" data-id=\"d3803c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4716f69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4716f69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Regular soldiers were outfitted with a:<\/p><ul><li>loin cloth (<strong><em>subligar<\/em><\/strong> or <strong><em>subligaculum<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>tunic (<strong><em>tunica<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>cummerbund (<strong><em>fascia<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>ventralis<\/em><\/strong>): It was worn over the tunic but beneath the waist belt.<\/li><li>belt (<strong><em>balteus<\/em><\/strong>): It consisted of separate belts for the <strong><em>pugio<\/em><\/strong> and <strong><em>gladius<\/em><\/strong> with a leather apron that hung down in front. The alternative was a single aproned belt for the <strong><em>pugio<\/em><\/strong> and a baldric for the <strong><em>gladius<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>arming shirt (<strong><em>subarmalis<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>scarf (<strong><em>focale<\/em><\/strong>): To protect the neck against chaffing from armour.<\/li><li>leather trousers (<strong><em>bracae<\/em><\/strong>): They were typically worn by standard bearers.<\/li><li>hobnailed sandals (<strong><em>caligae<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>cloak (<strong><em>sagum<\/em><\/strong>, which was a heavy cold weather cloak, or a <strong><em>paenula<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Armour included:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>a helmet (<strong><em>cassis<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>body armour (<strong><em>lorica<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>segmentata<\/em><\/strong>, <strong><em>hamata<\/em><\/strong>, <strong><em>plumata<\/em><\/strong> or <strong><em>squamata<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>arm guard (<strong><em>manica<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>shin guards\/greaves (<strong><em>ocreae<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Armaments consisted of a:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>sword (<strong><em>gladius<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>dagger (<strong><em>pugio<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>two javelins (<strong><em>pila<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>shield (<strong><em>scutum<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Other gear included a:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>combination axe\/pick (<strong><em>dolabra<\/em><\/strong>): This implement was employed to dig trenches, chop wood, etc.<\/li><li>palisade stakes (<strong><em>sudis<\/em><\/strong> also known as a <strong><em>vallus<\/em><\/strong>): These were used to secure the perimeter of marching camps (typically two per soldier).<\/li><li>pole for carrying equipment (<strong><em>furca<\/em><\/strong>) while on the march.<\/li><li>sachel\/carrying bag (<strong><em>loculus<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Miscellaneous Items:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>rope or leather: To transport turfs used to build a <strong><em>vallum<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li><li>saw\/turf cutter\/sickle: To cut turfs for <strong><em>vallum<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>wicker basket: To reposition earth during <strong><em>fossa<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>canteen<\/li><li>cooking utensils<\/li><li>toilet sponge on a stick (<strong><em>xylospongium <\/em><\/strong>or <strong><em>tersorium<\/em><\/strong>): Found in latrines they were the precursor of toilet paper.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50b10d5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50b10d5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ed6622a\" data-id=\"ed6622a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f5028d\" data-id=\"4f5028d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c98c6d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c98c6d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"628\" height=\"214\" src=\"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/SPQR.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-116\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/SPQR.jpg 628w, https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/SPQR-300x102.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-acbaf12\" data-id=\"acbaf12\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EQUIPMENT Typical Legionary Equipment Regular soldiers were outfitted with a: loin cloth (subligar or subligaculum) tunic (tunica) cummerbund (fascia ventralis): It was worn over the tunic but beneath the waist belt. belt (balteus): It consisted of separate belts for the pugio and gladius with a leather apron that hung down in front. The alternative was &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Equipment&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":61,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1227","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Equipment - Principia Legionis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Equipment - Principia Legionis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EQUIPMENT Typical Legionary Equipment Regular soldiers were outfitted with a: loin cloth (subligar or subligaculum) tunic (tunica) cummerbund (fascia ventralis): It was worn over the tunic but beneath the waist belt. belt (balteus): It consisted of separate belts for the pugio and gladius with a leather apron that hung down in front. The alternative was &hellip; Continue reading &quot;Equipment&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Principia Legionis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-18T22:10:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.39-Aquila.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"570\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"367\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/index.php\\\/the-roman-army\\\/equipment\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/index.php\\\/the-roman-army\\\/equipment\\\/\",\"name\":\"Equipment - Principia Legionis\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/index.php\\\/the-roman-army\\\/equipment\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/index.php\\\/the-roman-army\\\/equipment\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/1.39-Aquila.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-06-20T19:56:15+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-18T22:10:38+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/index.php\\\/the-roman-army\\\/equipment\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/index.php\\\/the-roman-army\\\/equipment\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/index.php\\\/the-roman-army\\\/equipment\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/1.39-Aquila.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/1.39-Aquila.jpg\",\"width\":570,\"height\":367,\"caption\":\"Aquila\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/index.php\\\/the-roman-army\\\/equipment\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"The Roman Army\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/index.php\\\/the-roman-army\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Equipment\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Principia Legionis\",\"description\":\"The Roman Army of the 1st &amp; early 2nd century AD and re-enactment\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/principialegionis.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Equipment - Principia Legionis","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Equipment - Principia Legionis","og_description":"EQUIPMENT Typical Legionary Equipment Regular soldiers were outfitted with a: loin cloth (subligar or subligaculum) tunic (tunica) cummerbund (fascia ventralis): It was worn over the tunic but beneath the waist belt. belt (balteus): It consisted of separate belts for the pugio and gladius with a leather apron that hung down in front. The alternative was &hellip; Continue reading \"Equipment\"","og_url":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/","og_site_name":"Principia Legionis","article_modified_time":"2025-10-18T22:10:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":570,"height":367,"url":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.39-Aquila.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/","url":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/","name":"Equipment - Principia Legionis","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.39-Aquila.jpg","datePublished":"2021-06-20T19:56:15+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-18T22:10:38+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.39-Aquila.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1.39-Aquila.jpg","width":570,"height":367,"caption":"Aquila"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/equipment\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"The Roman Army","item":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/the-roman-army\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Equipment"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/","name":"Principia Legionis","description":"The Roman Army of the 1st &amp; early 2nd century AD and re-enactment","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1227"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46164,"href":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1227\/revisions\/46164"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/61"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/principialegionis.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}